Published: May 13th, 2024, 08:24 pm | Updated: January 13th, 2025, 09:43 am
|||Evolution of the Schengen Area: From Inception to Present
The Schengen Area has come a long way since its beginning. Can you imagine a time when border checks were standard across most of Europe? Well, that all changed in 1985 with the Schengen Agreement, signed by five countries aiming to remove borders between them. Fast forward to 1995, and the Schengen Area was officially born—making travel between most European countries as easy as crossing a street. Over the years, more countries joined the group, expanding the zone to 29 countries by 2025.
Though challenges like security concerns and migration have tested the system, the Schengen Area has stood strong, offering smooth travel for millions. So, how would you take advantage of this border-free zone on your next European trip?
Difference between the Schengen Area and the European Union
The Schengen Area and the European Union (EU) are two separate entities, each with its own purpose. The Schengen Area is a group of European countries that have abolished passport and border controls between them, allowing for seamless travel. It operates independently of the EU and focuses mainly on facilitating movement and travel. While many EU member states are part of Schengen, some are not, and several non-EU countries, like Norway and Switzerland, participate as well.
In contrast, the European Union is a political and economic union which works on broader issues like trade, agriculture, and human rights. EU citizenship provides individuals with rights such as the ability to live and work freely within the Union. While the EU and the Schengen Area overlap in membership, the EU’s scope extends far beyond just travel, covering a wide range of policies and economic cooperation.
Recent developments or changes in the Schengen Area for 2025
Starting in 2025, several major updates to travel and visa systems are being rolled out. These changes aim to boost security, streamline procedures, and make travel across the Schengen Area even smoother:
Introduction of the Entry and Exit System (EES)
The EU is launching a digital Entry/Exit System (EES) to replace manual passport stamping, making the entry process faster and more secure for travelers. This system will allow visitors to register electronically at EU borders, enhancing overall efficiency.
European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS)
The ETIAS will require travelers from over 60 visa-exempt countries, affecting approximately 1.4 billion people, to apply for travel authorization before visiting the EU. This new system aims to strengthen security while providing a more organized and efficient travel experience.
Romania and Bulgaria to Join the Schengen Area
Starting January 1, 2025, Romania and Bulgaria will officially become Schengen Area members by air and sea. This expansion will allow travelers to move more easily across the region without internal border checks, enhancing the overall travel experience.
Expansion of Greece’s Golden Visa Program
Greece will introduce a new investment route under its Golden Visa program, targeting start-ups. To qualify, investors must commit a minimum of €250,000 in a start-up listed in Greece’s National Register, acquire at least 33% of the company’s voting rights or capital, create two jobs in the first year, and maintain the workforce for five years. This initiative is expected to foster innovation and attract global investment.
Changes in UK Travel Authorization Fees for EU Citizens
From April 2025, EU citizens will need to pay an €11 fee for the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA). Applications will be processed within three days, making the entry process to the UK simpler and more streamlined.
Updates to France’s Multi-Year Residence Permits
France will introduce new language requirements for residence permits. Applicants for multi-year residence permits will need to demonstrate A2-level proficiency in French, while those applying for a 10-year permit will need a B1-level proficiency. This change emphasizes the importance of language skills for long-term integration in France.
How does the Schengen Area function
The Schengen Area has several defining characteristics:
- Internal Borders: Schengen countries don’t have border controls between them, but they collaborate to strengthen borders with non-Schengen countries. This means people from Schengen countries can travel within the area without needing a visa.
- Border Control for Foreigners: Non-Schengen travelers only go through border control once when they first enter the Schengen Area.
- Common Rules: The Schengen Area has shared regulations for non-Schengen nationals visiting the area. It also has systems like the Visa Information System (VIS) and the Schengen Information System (SIS) to exchange information between countries. These systems aim to prevent crime, simplify visa issuance and border checks, improve security, protect travelers, and assist with processing asylum applications.
Schengen Visa Validity
The validity of a Schengen visa is determined by various factors, such as your visa history, the purpose of your travel, and your nationality. Visas can be issued for the duration of your trip or longer periods, like up to six months.
Upon receiving a visa, it is crucial to note the permitted number of days you are allowed to stay in the Schengen Area. This duration is typically shorter than the overall visa validity period. Overstaying the allowed days could result in fines or even a ban from the Schengen zone.
Common Rules: Schengen Visa and how to obtain it
If you are planning to visit one or more countries in the Schengen Area for reasons like tourism, business, family visits, or short-term study, you will need to apply for a Schengen Visa. The visa can be single-entry, double-entry, or multiple-entry, all valid for up to 90 days. If you travel often, you may qualify for a multiple-entry visa, valid for up to five years, with a maximum stay of 90 days within a 180-day period.
To apply, contact the consular authorities of the Schengen country you plan to visit. If that country doesn’t have an embassy or consulate near you, submit your application to their local representatives. In some cases, external service providers like VFS Global or TLS process visa applications.
Remember, apply to the embassy of the country where you will stay the longest. If your stay is the same in two countries, apply to the one you will visit first. If you have flexible travel plans, consider applying to countries like Lithuania or Estonia, as they often process visas faster.
Which countries you can visit with a Schengen Visa in 2025?
| Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria |
| Croatia | Czech Republic | Denmark (excluding Greenland and the Faroe Islands) |
| Estonia | Finland (including Åland) | France (excluding Overseas France) |
| Germany (including Büsingen am Hochrhein) | Greece (including Mount Athos) | Hungary |
| Iceland (excluding overseas territories) | Italy | Latvia |
| Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg |
| Malta | Netherlands (excluding Dutch Caribbean) | Norway (excluding overseas territories and dependencies) |
| Poland | Portugal (including Azores and Madeira) | Romania |
| Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain (including Canary Islands, with special provisions for Ceuta and Melilla) |
| Sweden | Switzerland |
Which European countries are not part of the Schengen area?
Most mainland European countries are part of the Schengen 29, but not all European states are included. Many non-Schengen nations are in Eastern Europe and still maintain border checks. These 11 countries are:
| Albania | Armenia | Azerbaijan |
| Belarus | Bosnia & Herzegovina | North Macedonia |
| Moldova | Montenegro | Serbia |
| Ukraine | United Kingdom. |
Additionally, Russia is not part of Schengen or the EU and enforces its own border controls.
Microstates like San Marino, Monaco, and Vatican City are not official Schengen members but are considered “de facto” within the area, with no border controls.
Schengen Visa Application Requirements 2024
All documents must be translated into English or the official language of your destination country.
Essential Documents
Here are the basic documents you’ll need to apply for a Schengen visa:
- Valid passport
- Two recent passport-sized photos
- Fingerprints
- Proof of travel medical insurance
- Flight reservation leaving the Schengen area
- Proof of financial means (e.g., bank statement)
- Proof of accommodation (e.g., hotel booking)
- Employment letter in English detailing your travel purpose, salary, job title, and contract duration
- Invitation letter (if available)
How to Apply
- Apply for the visa at least 15 days before your travel date, but no more than 6 months in advance.
- Decide the purpose of your travel to choose the correct visa type.
- Determine the number of entries you need into the Schengen area.
- Gather all required documents.
- Book an appointment for your visa application.
- Fill out the application form:
- You can get the form online or download and print it.
- Pay the application fee.
- Submit your application in person at the consulate or visa center.
You may also need to provide fingerprints and might be asked for an interview after applying.
Schengen Visa Fees 2025
The updated fees are as follows:
- Adults: €90
- Children (6-12 years): €45
- Applicants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Belarus: €35
- Applicants from Cabo Verde: €67.50
Tips for a Successful Schengen Visa Application
- Complete all sections of the application accurately and include required documents.
- Prove your return intent with evidence like a return ticket or work contract.
- Show financial stability through bank statements to cover your trip.
- Apply early, at least three months before your planned travel date.
- Detail your travel plan with dates, transportation, and accommodation.
- Get travel insurance that covers your entire trip duration.
- Avoid providing false information to prevent visa denial.
- Attend the visa interview on time and prepare for questions.
- Check visa requirements specific to your nationality.
- Use the correct application form for your destination country.
How to choose a European country for residence by investment?
When selecting a European country for residency by investment, it’s essential to evaluate the Golden Visa programs available. Consider the Portugal Golden Visa, Spain Golden Visa, Greece Golden Visa, and Malta Golden Visa for their unique requirements, benefits, and overall suitability for your needs. Researching these programs will help you understand investment thresholds, residency conditions, and the potential for citizenship in each country.
Feel free to reach out to our consultants if you require additional information or assistance in exploring residency by investment programs options in European countries.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can I get a refund if I cancel my visa application?
Unfortunately, the application fee is non-refundable once the application has been submitted.
2. How long does it take to get a Schengen visa approved?
The standard processing time for a Schengen visa is at least 15 days. However, depending on your case, it may take up to 30 days, and in exceptional situations, the process could extend to 60 days.
3. Do Indians Always Need a Schengen Visa to Travel to Europe?
Yes, Indian nationals typically require a Schengen Visa to travel to European countries within the Schengen Zone for short stays, studies, or business purposes, allowing them up to 90 days within any 180-day period. Additionally, they need a Schengen visa if they intend to pass through the international transit area of a Schengen airport.
4. Is the United Kingdom part of the Schengen Area?
No, the United Kingdom is not part of the Schengen Area. In 2020, the UK exited the European Union.
5. Is Russia part of the Schengen region?
Russia is neither part of the Schengen Area nor a member of the European Union.
6. Is it possible for me to travel to multiple Schengen countries?
Yes, you can travel to multiple Schengen countries with a valid Schengen visa.
7. Is Ireland part of the Schengen area?
Ireland is not part of the Schengen Area. Although it is an EU member, it has its own visa and border control policies. You will need a separate Irish visa to travel to Ireland.
